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Article History

Received: 12 July 2024

Accepted: 7 February 2025

First Online: 25 February 2025

Declarations

:

: Protocol was approved by: The Ethical Review Board comprised five committee members: Dr. Mintesnot Woldeamanuel (Chair), Dr. Fisseha Wegayehu (Member), Dr. Dipl-Ing Berhanu Woldetensae (Member), Dr. Dagnachew Adugna (Member), and Dr. Liku Workalemahu (Member). This research paper received ethical approval from the Institute of Architecture, Building Construction, and City Development (EiABC), Chair of the Urban and Regional Planning Department, at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. In accordance with the given mandate, before collecting primary data through a survey questionnaire, written informed consent was obtained. The PhD Thesis Proposal Evaluation Committee reviewed, evaluated, and commented on the proposal. The committee provided approval to proceed with the research work. The Ethical Approval Letter included conclusions, recommendations, and the evaluation results of the PhD thesis proposal. Subsequently, the university issued cooperation letters to Bole, Kir-kos sub-city, and other relevant institutions for the study. Confidential letters were sent via cellphone and email to individual respondents and offices. After obtaining informed consent from all subjects, individuals, and institutions involved in the study, data collection commenced. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, as indicated in the supplementary document. Under the demographic characteristics, all participants were above 18 years old.

: This paper is submitted only to Discover Cities.and has not been previously submitted in the form of an abstract, as part of a published lecture or academic thesis, or as an electronic preprint. Generative AI and AI-assisted technology were not used.

: The authors declare no competing interests.