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Article History

Received: 30 December 2024

Accepted: 25 August 2025

First Online: 9 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The ethical protocol was approved by the Instituto de Ciências Sociais (University of Lisbon) in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of Horizon 2020 (European Commission). All procedures, including the informed consent process, were conducted in strict adherence to the ethical standards outlined in these protocols, ensuring full compliance with institutional policies and principles. Additionally, the research involved non-invasive procedures and the collection of non-sensitive data through the voluntary participation of individuals in interviews and focus groups.

: Participants were fully informed about the objectives, methodologies, and their rights before providing informed consent to participate in the study. Informed consent was documented through signed forms, ensuring voluntary participation with the option to withdraw at any time without repercussions. Confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained, with personal data anonymised to prevent identification. The data collected was used exclusively for research purposes, including scientific publications and official reports.

: All participants provided their informed consent for the publication of anonymized data and statements included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.