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Authors
Ibrahim, Muhammad
Ahmad, Niaz
Mahar, Waqas Ahmed
Nasir, Muhammad Jamal
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants, human data, or animals. Therefore, ethical approval and consent were not required, as per the policies of Discover Cities and institutional guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
