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Assessing urban morphological dynamics and landscape fragmentation in Kuwait using integrated fractal analysis from 1985 to 2100

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44327-026-00229-9

Published Online: 2026-04-29

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Al-Shaar, Walid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-8245
Bonin, Olivier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-2323
Lehmann, Xavier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4664-9804
Al-Shaar, Mohamad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2297-989X
Youssef, Dalal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-6849
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-29

Version of Record valid from 2026-04-29
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Article History

Received: 10 September 2025

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 29 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.