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Article History

Received: 19 December 2024

Accepted: 25 April 2025

First Online: 22 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institution Review Board of the University of Cape Coast (UCCIRB/CHAS/2019/206). The study protocol conformed to the provisions of the 1995 Helsinki Declaration (as revised in Brazil 2013) including confidentiality, risks and benefits assessments, consent to participate, and ensuring respect to participants. Permission was also sought from all Health Facility heads and midwives in charge of the respective antenatal clinics before the study commenced. Before recruitment to the study, each participant gave written informed consent after the protocols for the study had been explained to them.

: All participants provided consent to publish their anonymous data collected during the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.