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Authors
Iqbal, Kashif https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5507-643X
Liang, Hu
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 12 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Behavioral and Social Sciences Ethical Review Committee (BSSERC) of Hohai University, Nanjing, China. Due to the logistical and institutional limitations in Pakistan, local oversight was conducted through informal consultation with community leaders and practitioners in Peshawar. The study was conducted according to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. For those with language barriers, verbal consent was recorded and documented under ethical approval protocols.
: Participants were informed that anonymized quotes may be used in academic publications, and consent for publication of de-identified data was obtained from all interviewees.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
