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Article History

Received: 11 March 2025

Accepted: 12 August 2025

First Online: 23 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (approval number: 2023–032). All patients provided written informed consent for both their participation in this study (including surgical procedures and diagnostic evaluations) and the anonymous publication of their data. They were thoroughly informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits prior to consenting.

: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all patients prior to the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.