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Article History

Received: 25 April 2025

Accepted: 24 August 2025

First Online: 15 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used only publicly available, de-identified genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data and did not involve the collection of new human-subject data; therefore, ethical approval was not required.

: All GWAS summary datasets employed in this study were generated by previous studies in which informed consent had already been obtained from participants; no additional individual-level consent was necessary for the present analyses.

: As no new patient data were collected and no identifiable personal information was used, patient-specific consent to publish is not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.