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Authors
Tekulu, Teklit Gebremedhin
Lemma, Hansa Haftu
Hadgu, Amanuel
Gebrekidan, Goitom
Seyoum, Dawit
Hailu, Hindeya
Lema, Gebretsadik Kiros
Lema, Gebremedhn Gebremichael
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 28 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the College of Health Sciences of Mekelle University with reference number MU-IRB 1862/2021. Permission from the Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Clinical Director’s Office and a support letter from the Chief Clinical Director were obtained before the commencement of the study.
: Informed consent to participate, refuse, or stop at any time during the data collection process was obtained from parents of all participating neonates. Confidentiality and privacy were maintained throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
