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Article History

Received: 23 June 2025

Accepted: 30 September 2025

First Online: 2 November 2025

Declarations

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: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Medical Science Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University approved this study. This retrospective study utilized de-identified electronic medical records from the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and Guizhou Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University(i.e.,Gui'an Campus of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University). As all personally identifiable information had been completely removed, and the data were irreversibly anonymized prior to analysis, individual patients could not be identified directly or indirectly. Therefore, in accordance with both international and national ethical guidelines, this study qualified for a waiver of informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University.

: Since identifiable patient personal information was not used, patient-specific consent for publication does not apply.

: The authors declare no competing interests.