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Authors
Muqtadir, Jamil
Raza, Syed Ali
Batool, Irshad
Khan, Muhammad Umair
Ehsan, Syed Muhammad
Jafri, Muhammad Saad
Sameeullah, F. N. U.
Khan, Yameena Noman
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Article History
Received: 27 November 2024
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Committee of Dr. Ziauddin University (Reference Code: 4980222JMMED, dated March 11, 2022). Every procedure followed the Declaration of Helsinki’s ethical guidelines. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the retrospective nature of the study. Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital’s clinical review committee approved this study stating that there are no ethical issues involved in this study.
: Not applicable. This study does not include any individual patient data in identifiable form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
