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Authors
Nyenyeri, Darlene Lieve
Sebera, Emile
Twagirumukiza, Emile
Rutaganda, Eric
Iracyahari, Eric
Shumbusho, Gloria
Murayire, Janvier
Leeuwen, Dirk J. V.
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Article History
Received: 10 May 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the College of Medicine and Health Sciences Institutional Review Board (No 145/CMHS/IRB/2019), Rwanda Military Hospital (Ref.: RMH/IRB/035/2019) and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (Ref.: EC/CHUK/0137/2019). Prior to inclusion, participants or their relatives were thoroughly informed about the study’s purpose, ensuring fully informed consent. All laboratory and endoscopic investigation reports were securely maintained in patient charts, preserving confidentiality. The study committed to publishing results in a manner that completely anonymizes patient identities, protecting individual privacy while contributing to scientific knowledge. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of our institutional review board and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
: Consent for publication is not applicable in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
