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Authors
Chivheya, Jeffy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-6821
Chirigo, Taremba https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-2089
Zhandire, Gwinyai
Mukondo, Ashleigh
Moyo, Sitshengisiwe
Tinago, Tryphine Vimbai
Mateveke, Brandon
Sungirai, Marvelous https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-707X
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2025
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
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: This research was conducted retrospectively from data obtained from meat inspection records kept at the Division of Veterinary Services ZW, Bulawayo offices. The need for ethical approval was waived off by the ethical committee of the Division of Veterinary Services ZW as the research did not involve live animals.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
