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Authors
Spence, Sarah K.
Amsalem, Etya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-049X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (IOS-1942127)
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
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: A license or certificate was not required for experiments with bees. However, all experiments adhered to international ethical standards for animal care and use. To minimize stress, bees were handled under red light during collection, housing, and testing. They were housed in appropriately sized cages for their group size and provided with unlimited food throughout the experiment. Euthanasia was carried out by placing bees in a -80 °C freezer.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
