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Authors
Nishino, Arisa
Shimada, Masaki
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Article History
Received: 18 October 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants or animals. It was conducted using publicly available, anonymized data from the Population Census of Japan.
: The study used publicly available, anonymized data with no identifiable information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
