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Authors
Lijalem, Tsegay
Abraham, Hagos
Beyene, Addis
Gebrehiwet, Tesfay
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Article History
Received: 30 November 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol we use for this study was in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsink and the national ethical standards outlined in the Higher Education Proclamation EFDR (Ethiopia) No.1152/2019. Ethical approval was also granted by the Committee for Ethical Research under Office of Research and Community Service Directorate of Adigrat University, following, the revised Guidelines and Procedures for Research and Community Services including ethical research guidelines (Adu revised 223/2018). Consent to participate is not applicable.
: It is not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
