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Article History

Received: 17 December 2025

Accepted: 21 February 2026

First Online: 28 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Animal component: The animal component of the study, which involved blood sample collection from cattle for serological testing of bovine brucellosis, was reviewed and approved by the Research and Ethical Review Committee of the College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University (Approval reference number: AgVmVM/23/2). All the procedures for blood sample collection followed standard veterinary clinical practices and guidelines, in accordance with the institution’s ethical standards for animal research. Human component: The human component of the study, which involved interviews with livestock owners to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding bovine brucellosis, was also reviewed and approved by the Research and Ethical Review Committee of the College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University (Approval reference number: AgVmVM/23/2). The study adhered to the principles outlined in the Belmont Report regarding the engagement of human participant.

: Not applicable.

: Human component: Informed consent was obtained from all livestock owners who participated in the interviews assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding bovine brucellosis. Prior to participation, the purpose of the study, procedures involved, potential benefits, and the voluntary nature of participation were clearly explained to all participants in a language they understood. Verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant before data collection. Participation was entirely voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity of all respondents were strictly maintained. Animal Component: Informed consent was obtained from livestock owners prior to the collection of blood samples from their cattle.

: The authors declare no competing interests.