Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 January 2026

Accepted: 19 March 2026

First Online: 13 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with established guidelines for animal experimentation and reporting, in line with the ARRIVE guidelines. The research involved non-invasive procedures only, and all animals were handled carefully to ensure their welfare and to minimize stress or harm. Participation was voluntary, and informed verbal consent was obtained prior to data collection. Participants were clearly informed about the objectives of the study, the procedures involved, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. The study on animals was approved by the Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board of Sekota Dry Land Agriculture Research Center, Ethiopia.

: Not applicable.

: Informed verbal consent was obtained from all participating goat producers in the study. The animals included in this study were owned by private small holder farmer. Prior to data collection, verbal and informed consent was obtained from all animal owners after clearly explaining the purpose of the study, procedures involved, and the non-invasive nature of the research.

: All authors have no competing of interest.