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Article History

Received: 13 March 2026

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 18 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The experiments of the present study conducted with approval of Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) of Adikavi Nannaya Univeristy, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India with IEC clearance No: 04/09/2024/08. All procedures were conducted in accordance with institutional and national guidelines for research using biological samples. No human subjects were used in this study. Fish samples used in this study were collected from local fish markets and aquaculture farms. Informed consent was obtained from the fishermen and farm owners for the use of fish samples in this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.