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Article History

Received: 28 June 2025

Accepted: 4 November 2025

First Online: 10 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Adekunle Bakare declares they are an Editorial Board Member of Discover Toxicology and confirms that they were not involved in the handling or decision-making of their own submission.

: The animal study protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Research Ethics Committee of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (approval numbers = UI-ACUREC/17/0087 and UI-ACUREC/007-0124/16). The study was also carried out with strict adherence to international standards on the use of fish in Research [ ] and mice in biomedical research [ ].

: The authors confirm that the use of onion [ Allium cepa (L.)] in this study is in accordance with standard, global, and institutional guidelines on the use of the assay. The plant is not an endangered species and was not collected from the wild. The source of the onion is stated in the materials and methods section.

: Not applicable.

: This is not a clinical trial; it is a study wherein the authors used plant and animal models. Hence, the consent to participate is not applicable.