Article History
Received: 30 May 2024
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in the Critical Care Department (Cairo University). The local ethical board review approved the study protocol in January 2018. Informed written consent was obtained from participating patients and their kin after an explanation of the study protocol and purpose.
: Not applicable.
: Dr Waleed Ahmed is an Associate Editor for The Egyptian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. However, he was not involved in the editorial handling or decision-making process for this manuscript. The rest of the authors have no conflict of interest to declare.