Fahmy, Tamer Salah Eldin
Kamel, Khaled Mahmoud
Ibrahim, Khaled Farouk
Monaem, Ahmed Rostom Abdul
Zaky, Marwa
Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 1 May 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted at the Critical Care Department, Kasr-Alainy Hospital, between October 2019 and May 2022, following approval by the institutional ethical committee (Approval code: MD-193-2019, Date: 14-12-2023). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant or their legal representative prior to enrollment.
: Prof Tamer Fahmy is the Editor-in-Chief for The Egyptian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. However, he was not involved in the editorial handling or decision-making process for this manuscript. The rest of the authors have no conflict of interest to declare.