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Article History

Received: 4 April 2025

Accepted: 22 December 2025

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involves the use of common, non-pathogenic bacterial strains obtained from a clinical laboratory for protocol validation purposes. No human subjects, animals, or sensitive patient data were used. Therefore, formal ethical approval was not required. Not applicable, as this study did not involve human participants.

: Not applicable, as this manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images, videos, or case details).

: The authors declare no competing interests.