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Authors
Ligue-Sabio, Kim Dianne
Plaza, Alaina Rose
Sabanal, Brian
Oguis, Giovanna Fae
Torrefiel, Jay
Gamalo, Lief Erikson
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Council of the Philippines
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. Animal Ethics And Accordance: The findings presented in this study were obtained through non-invasive field techniques. The behavioral and ecological survey described below was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Davao Medical School Foundation, Inc. (IACUC Permit No. 2021-02-003), and permission to conduct the study was granted by the Mt. Apo Natural Park Protected Area Management Board, the National Commission for Indigenous Peoples Region XII (NC 2021-03-0009) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region XII (Gratuitous Permit No. 2021-09).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
