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Authors
Harris, Ruth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-5063
Sims, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7494-9030
Due-Christensen, Mette https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-3730
Stenov, Vibeke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9029-5380
Abrams, Ruth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-7859
Fabian-Therond, Clara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-9210
Ahuja, Shalini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5433-3340
O’Connor, Siobhan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-1718
Papachristou Nadal, Iliatha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-2578
Peck, Megan https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4277-8714
Speight, Jane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-6896
Holt, Richard I. G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-6744
Sturt, Jackie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-1401
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Mohammadi, Jennifer
Huber, Joerg
Hickey, Gary
Hardenberg, Kate
Fiorentino, Francesca
Fisher, Lawrence
Halliday, Jennifer
Ajjan, Ramzi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research (PGfAR) and Diabetes UK. (NIHR205441)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Development and Skills Enhancement Award. (NIHR305124)
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 31 August 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: Richard IG Holt has received honoraria for speaker engagements from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Encore, Liberum, Novo Nordisk and ROVI Pharma.
Competing interests: RIGH and JSp are the co-chairs, and JSt is a panel member, of the 2026 EASD evidence-based clinical practice guideline for assessing and managing diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
