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Authors
Su, Xiaohong
Xu, Xiaofei
Wang, Tiantian
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Revised: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Ethics
: Conflict of Interest Xiaofei Xu is a member of the Editorial Board of Frontiers of Digital Education , who was excluded from the peer review process and all editorial decisions related to the acceptance and publication of this article. Peer-review was handled independently by the other editors to minimise bias.
