Updates are available Correction dated 2026-05-20

Article History

Received: 10 November 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 9 March 2026

Change Date: 19 March 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: The article had an incorrect online publication date. It was mistakenly listed as February 06, 2026, but the correct publication date is March 09, 2026.

Change Date: 20 May 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44367-026-00037-3

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with established ethical principles for social research involving human participants. Prior to participation, all respondents were provided with a clear explanation of the study objectives, procedures, and their rights, and gave informed consent verbally. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were free to withdraw at any time without any negative consequences.No personally identifiable information was collected. All responses were anonymized at the point of data entry, and strict confidentiality was maintained throughout the research process. Given the non-sensitive nature of the survey questions and the community-level focus of the analysis, formal institutional review board (IRB) approval was not required. The study was conducted with the knowledge and permission of relevant municipal authorities and community leaders.All research data are stored on password-protected devices accessible only to the research team. Data will be securely retained for ten years following publication and permanently deleted thereafter.

: Formal ethical approval was not required for this study, as it involved voluntary participation, non-sensitive survey questions, and anonymized community-level data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.