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Article History

Received: 24 March 2025

Accepted: 29 June 2025

First Online: 8 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve any human or animal subjects. All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee. No formal ethical review was required as the study only involved plant-based materials. The collection and use of Neem seed (Azadirachta indica), Baobab Seed (Adansonia digitata) and Black seed (Nigella sativa) in this study complied with all relevant national and institutional guidelines. The neem and baobab seeds were collected from cultivated farmlands in Ajiwa Village, Batagarawa Local Government Area, Katsina state, Nigeria. The black seed was obtained from Sabon gari market, Kano State, Nigeria. No endangered or protected species were involved in the study. The plant materials were sourced from cultivated or commercial sources, therefore no specific permissions or licenses were required for their collection.

: The authors consent to the publication of this manuscript in Journal of Discover Chemistry and confirm that it has not been published or is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

: The authors declare no competing interests.