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Article History

Received: 9 June 2025

Accepted: 3 November 2025

First Online: 8 November 2025

Declarations

:

: 1.10 This study followed the ethical principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. We used exclusively de-identified human plasma samples obtained from a blood bank, which did not involve direct human subject participation. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Zagazig University (ZU-IRB #9883/27-08-2025) on August 27, 2025, following review. The IRB waived the requirement for participant consent due to the de-identified nature of the samples and confirmed compliance with institutional and international ethical standards. All procedures adhered to the guidelines of ZU-IRB and applicable regulations. Not applicable.

: 1.12 Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.