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Article History

Received: 15 July 2025

Accepted: 3 November 2025

First Online: 7 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes and does not involve human subjects, animals, or any biological materials. As such, no ethical approval from an institutional review board or animal care committee is required for the experimental procedures described in this manuscript. All experiments were conducted in compliance with the safety guidelines and regulations regarding the handling of nanomaterials and chemical reagents, ensuring minimal environmental impact and adherence to standard laboratory safety protocols.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.