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Article History

Received: 27 September 2025

Accepted: 17 February 2026

First Online: 20 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. This study involved the laboratory analysis of commercially available vegetable samples purchased from local markets in Aden, Yemen. The research did not involve human participants, clinical trials, or animal experimentation; therefore, formal ethical approval was not required. No human subjects were involved in this research.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).

: The authors declare no competing interests.