Document is current

Article History

Received: 30 November 2024

Accepted: 8 April 2025

First Online: 18 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted under the International Maize and wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) using CIMMYT guidelines and research protocols. The CIMMYT provitamin A maize inbred lines used in this study were provided by the CIMMYT senior maize breeder (Dr Thokozile Ndhlela) who is the provitamin A maize breeding program lead, developer of the germplasm and one of the supervisors of this work. The IITA provitamin A maize inbred lines were provided by the senior IITA maize breeder and the provitamin A maize breeding program lead (Dr. Abebe Menkir) through Professor Samuel Olakojo of Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture) (PAULESI) who is also a supervisor of this work. Both CIMMYT and IITA are under One CGIAR and are allowed to share germplasm legally. Therefore, the collection of the plants used in the study complies with local or national guidelines with no need for further affirmation. All the guidelines were followed as per the University research and One CGIAR (CIMMYT and IITA) ethics for collection, characterization and documentation of the provitamin A maize inbred lines.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.