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Article History

Received: 6 April 2025

Accepted: 27 July 2025

First Online: 6 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Catharanthus roseus was collected from Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The precise location of the collection is at coordinates 30.900965° N, 75.857277° E. (Ref No. V1265780). The plant was formally identified and authenticated by the Principal Scientist and Head of the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping at PAU. Therefore, no license or authorization is needed to gather plant material for this research work. The department of chemistry has approved the study, and all the guidelines are followed according to the rules and regulations of the Chemical Society.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.