Document is current

Article History

Received: 14 May 2025

Accepted: 23 October 2025

First Online: 3 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Prior to the initiation of the experiment, all necessary approvals were obtained from the relevant institutional authorities for conducting research involving gladiolus corms. The collection of plant/seed materials was carried out in accordance with the approved institutional and national guidelines. No specific license or authorization was required for the collection of plant materials intended for research or academic purposes.

: The authors declare no competing interests.