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Article History

Received: 25 April 2025

Accepted: 27 October 2025

First Online: 3 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable, as this study did not involve human participants or live vertebrates. Plant material ( Nicotiana tabacum L. var. PT-76) was procured from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Regional Research Station, Pusa, Bihar, India. As a cultivated crop variety distributed by ICAR, its use for academic research complies with the provisions of the Biological Diversity Act (2002), Government of India. The species is not listed as endangered or protected under CITES or IUCN. The collection and use of Nicotiana tabacum complied with institutional, national, and international guidelines. As the plant material was cultivated from certified seeds obtained from a recognized research institute, no special permits or licences were required for its collection or use in this study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Nicotiana tabacum L., chewing-tobacco variety PT-76 seeds were procured from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Regional Research Station, Pusa, Bihar, India. The plant material was identified and authenticated by IARI scientists, and the variety is documented in CTRI-Pusa records as a recognized chewing-tobacco type. As the material originated from an official agricultural institute, no additional voucher specimen was deposited by the authors.

: The authors declare no competing interests.