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Article History

Received: 16 July 2025

Accepted: 7 January 2026

First Online: 18 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The plant materials used in this study are maintained at Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India, in compliance with local or national guidelines. The study needs no further affirmations.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declare that this study does not involve any human participants so the study is not coming under clinical trial.

: Not applicable.

: Seeds of all the plant materials used in this study, including wild species and cultivated maize lines have been maintained. Further, seeds of all accessions are also conserved at ICAR–National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi except one accession of Coix lacryma-jobi which is collected as well as available locally. All the detailed information regarding accessions is provided in Supplementary Table 3 in the manuscript. The collection and use of plant materials complied with all relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines, including the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction and CITES regulations.