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Article History

Received: 12 August 2025

Accepted: 23 February 2026

First Online: 16 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The plant used in this study was groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), which was cultivated under controlled experimental conditions. No wild plant material was collected. The cultivation and experimental use of groundnut complied with all relevant local and national agricultural and environmental guidelines. The effluent used in the study served solely as a nutrient source for experimental evaluation and did not involve any protected or endangered plant species. Therefore, no specific permissions or license agreements were required for this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.