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Authors
Pant, Kushal Kant https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3111-0046
Chandra, Vikas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2686-2373
Barthakur, Sharmistha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6267-501X
Swain, Bharati https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-9780
Yadav, Deepanker https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-7052
Kumar, Ashish https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8463-7337
Dadsena, Abhishek https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6158-5366
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Article History
Received: 1 November 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants or animal subjects and therefore did not require ethical approval or formal ethical clearance. The experiments did not involve any endangered or protected plant species. Most analyses were conducted in silico using publicly available genomic and proteomic data of Triticum aestivum L. obtained from established databases; consequently, no ethical approval or specific institutional permission was required. For qRT-PCR based expression analysis, two commercially released Indian bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, RAJ 3765 and HD 2967, were used. Seeds were obtained from the Department of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India, and cultivated in the net house facility of IARI. The plant materials used are classified as “Notified Varieties” under Sect. 5 of The Seeds Act, 1966, which governs the quality, production, and sale of agricultural seeds in India. These varieties have been officially released for public cultivation and research by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops (CVRC). Specifically, RAJ 3765 (developed by the Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Rajasthan, India) was notified vide Gazette Notification No. 1(E) dated January 1, 1996, and HD 2967 (developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India) was notified vide Gazette Notification No. 2326(E) dated October 10, 2011. Accordingly, the collection and use of these varieties comply with the regulatory framework of the Government of India. All experimental research involving plants in this study was conducted in accordance with institutional, national, and international guidelines. This study did not involve any human participants, human data, or human tissues. Therefore, informed consent for participation and publication was not required.
: This study did not involve human participants, and therefore, informed consent to participate and consent to publish were not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
