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Article History

Received: 2 July 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 11 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This research did not involve human participants or live vertebrate animals. However, all procedures involving the cultivation and collection of plant material were conducted in accordance with institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. This study did not involve human participants.

: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants.

: The cauliflower plants ( Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. cv. Cindy) used in this study were obtained from a commercial seed lot. The plant material was identified by the research team, and no voucher specimen was deposited in a herbarium.

: The authors declare no competing interests.