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Article History

Received: 8 September 2025

Accepted: 13 March 2026

First Online: 20 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Plant materials used in this study ( Zinnia elegans Jacq.) were obtained from cultivated sources maintained at the Regional Plant Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The species is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant and is not listed as endangered or protected under national or international conservation regulations. Collection and use of plant material complied with institutional and national guidelines for plant research. The seeds were obtained under a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, and RPRC, Bhubaneswar, and no special permits or licences were required for the use of this cultivated species.

: This is not applicable.

: This is not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.