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Authors
Tinak Ekom, Danielle Christelle
Lombeko Obe Tomo, Victorine
Mongoue Fanche, Aminatou
Signi, Curtis Ivan
Sitcha Tchouatcha, Nelly Gaelle
Sontsa-Donhoung, Alain Martial
Mahot, Hermine Claudine
Mapiemfu-Lamare, Delphine
Bougnom, Blaise Pascal
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 18 March 2026
First Online: 17 April 2026
Declarations
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: Maize ( Zea mays L., varieties ‘ATP’, ‘CHABA’, ‘CHH’ and ‘KASSAI’) seeds used in this study were obtained from the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon. No field collection of wild plant material was conducted; therefore, no specific collection permits were required. The use of these seeds was authorized under IRAD’s institutional guidelines and complied with national legislation, including Law No. 2001/014 of July 23, 2001 on seed activity. The research was conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines, including IRAD’s Institutional Research Ethics and Biosafety Guidelines and national regulations governing plant research and seed use. As an IRAD-affiliated researcher, the corresponding author confirm that all necessary institutional approvals were in place and that no additional permits or licences were applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
