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Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Accepted: 24 April 2026

First Online: 15 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. Plant material ( Oryza sativa L. ) was obtained from greenhouse-grown plants under controlled conditions. Seeds were used for in vitro callus induction in accordance with institutional guidelines and national regulations. No specific permits were required, as this is a cultivated, non-protected species.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that all data presented in this manuscript were jointly reviewed and approved by all co-authors prior to submission. There are no conflicts of interest among the authors, nor between the authors and any external institution or organization. The research was conducted independently, and no financial, professional, or personal relationships have influenced the interpretation or presentation of the results. The work was originally written in Portuguese, and with the aid of translation tools, it was translated into English.