Abidin, Rabiatul Adawiah Zainal
Ismail, Siti Norhayati
Razak, Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab
Sebaweh, Nor Sufiah
Kamaruzaman, Rahiniza
Majid, Alny Marlynni Abd
Rahman, Site Noorzuraini Abd
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia
Article History
Received: 2 January 2026
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 4 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The plant materials used in this study were not of wild origin. The plant materials (rice seeds) utilised in this study were provided by the MARDI Rice Genebank. As these materials are part of the institutional germplasm collection of the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) and were used by affiliated researchers for agricultural research purposes, specific external collection permits or licenses were not required. These materials consist of commonly available commercial varieties and breeding germplasm utilised specifically for agricultural research. Research was performed in compliance with the ethical guidelines of the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute. Not applicable.
: All authors agreed to the publication of this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.