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Authors
Saha, Roni
Barman, Rahul Deb
Singh, Devendra
Mondal, Amal Kumar
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Article History
Received: 22 January 2026
Accepted: 3 June 2026
First Online: 16 June 2026
Declarations
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: The plant material used in this study was collected as a wild sample from forested areas of West Bengal, India. A voucher specimen number B.S.I. (CNH) 104300 has been deposited at the Central National Herbarium (CNH), Botanical Survey of India, Howrah. The specimen was taxonomically identified by palm specialist Rahul Deb Barman, Botanical Assistant, Botanical Survey of India. The accepted scientific name Calamus arborescens Griff. was verified following POWO (Plants of the World Online, Kew). All relevant nomenclatural rules were strictly followed during identification, and the necessary permissions for plant sample collection were duly obtained from the appropriate authorities. The collection and use of plant material ( Calamus arborescens Giff.) in this study complied with all relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. The study followed the principles outlined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction. The plant material was collected from non-protected areas, and no endangered or protected species were involved. All necessary permissions and ethical standards for plant-based research were adhered to.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that Open AI’s Chat GPT (GPT-5, 2025 version) was used solely for language refinement, grammatical correction, and improvement of sentence clarity and readability in the preparation of this manuscript. The AI tool was not used for data generation, data analysis, interpretation of scientific results, or drawing conclusions. All intellectual content, experimental design, data analysis, and scientific interpretations are entirely the work of the authors. The authors have thoroughly reviewed and verified the final manuscript to ensure the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the content.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
