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Authors
Blanco, Erika Lorena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-9670
Márquez, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-4118
Camargo, Danny https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3464-5769
Almarza, Jorge https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4802-6694
Rada, Fermín https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-2414
Paolini, Jorge https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-1671
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Article History
Received: 2 April 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants or animals. Although the research was conducted in an onion ( Allium cepa ) cultivation area, only soil samples were collected and analyzed. No plant material was collected or manipulated. The research was carried out at IIAP, a property of Universidad de Los Andes, with full permission granted to conduct the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
