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Article History

Received: 2 December 2025

Accepted: 30 April 2026

First Online: 19 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study did not involve the collection of wild or protected plant species. All crops (rice, Oryza sativa L.; legume, Phaseolus vulgaris L.; and brinjal, Solanum melongena L.) were cultivated under farmers’ field conditions using certified seeds obtained from the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC). These species are widely cultivated and are not subject to conservation restrictions. Therefore, no specific permits or ethical approvals were required, and the study complies with national agricultural guidelines and regulations of Bangladesh.

: Therefore, no specific permits or ethical approvals were required, and the study complies with national agricultural guidelines and regulations of Bangladesh.

: This is certified that I, Saidur Rahman, the landowner and farm operator of the field located in Dakshin Surma Upazila, Sylhet District, Bangladesh, have granted permission to the research team led by Amdadul Haque Shaon, along with Jarin Tasnim and other postgraduate students, to conduct field experiments and soil sampling on my land. The research activities were supervised by Dr. Rasendra Talukder, Associate Professor, and Prof. Dr. Md. Shahadat Hossain, Department of Soil Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh. The research was conducted during January–February 2024 in farmer-managed fields of Dakshin Surma Upazila, Sylhet District. The study site is situated at 24° 53’ 16.2558” North latitude and 91° 50’ 15.381” East longitude.

: This statement confirms that all soil samples used in the manuscript titled were collected directly from the field by the research team.Sampling Details: Sampling was carried out during January–February 2024.Location: Farmer-managed fields in Dakshin Surma Upazila, Sylhet District, Bangladesh (24° 53' 16.2558" N; 91° 50' 15.381" E; 19 m above mean sea level).Agro-Ecological Zone: Eastern Surma Kushiara Floodplain (AEZ-20).Landowner Permission: Granted by Saidur Rahman.

: All soil samples were collected in situ by the first author, Amdadul Haque Shaon, assisted by Jarin Tasnim and other postgraduate students. No external, transported, or purchased soil sources were used.

: The authors declare no competing interests.