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Authors
Desiato, Alfredo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-9260
Lam, Hiu Yan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0640-3327
Anand, Reena Rani
Chatha, Inderjit
Logan, Nicola S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4492-673X
Sheppard, Amy L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-8267
Wolffsohn, James S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4673-8927
Laughton, Deborah https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2653-3970
Davies, Leon N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-0566
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 5 March 2026
Competing Interests
: This research was funded by SightGlass Vision. All authors received research funding from SightGlass Vision to conduct this programme of research. Authors AD, ALS, HYL, RRA and IC declare they have no other financial interests. Author DL is employed by SightGlass Vision. Author LND has received speaker honoraria and/ or research funding from SightGlass Vision, EssilorLuxottica and Nidek. Author NSL has received speaker honorarium and/ or research funding from CooperVision, EssilorLuxottica, Hoya Visioncare, Ocumension, Ocus International, and SightGlass Vision. Author JSW has received speaker honorarium and/ or research funding from Alcon, CooperVision, DopaVision, Espansione, Essilor, International Myopia Institute, Santen, SightGlass Vision and Thea.
: The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and received a favourable opinion from the Health and Life Sciences Research Ethics Committee of Aston University, Birmingham, UK (reference: HLS21094). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment, in accordance with institutional and international guidelines.
