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Authors
Thorud, Hanne Mari Schiøtz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-0909
Bjørset, Cecilie Onshuus https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-3299
Minsås, Inger Helene Hallan https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4674-508X
Gilson, Stuart J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6370-7191
Langaas, Trine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6494-3911
Johansen, Tina R. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8756-1031
Horgen, Gro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-1131
Hagen, Lene A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-4519
Pedersen, Hilde R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-6687
Svarverud, Ellen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-9010
Baraas, Rigmor C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3259-7617
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2026
Revised: 22 August 2026
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 4 September 2026
Declarations
Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REC) in South East Norway (2019/578) and Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (Sikt) (618194). Written informed consent was obtained from all included adolescents younger than 16 years and both their parents. Participants aged 16 or older provided written informed consent themselves, as they are considered fully competent to consent to participate in research according to the Norwegian Health Research Act.
