Zhang, Qi
Peng, Changliang
Wang, Yishu
Chu, Chen
Yu, Tao
Zhu, Jianfeng
Article History
Received: 25 April 2026
Revised: 4 September 2026
Accepted: 5 September 2026
First Online: 6 October 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committe of Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Centre (approval number: EC-20211126-03; approved on 26 November 2021). Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating children before enrolment.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.