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Authors
Fujisawa, Katsunari
Enomoto, Yoshihiro
Imai, Ryosuke
Nagata, Haruka
Hirotani, Tadashi
Sakashita, Ryotaro
Ishikawa, Katsura
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Tobacco Inc.
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2025
Revised: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: All authors are employees of Japan Tobacco Inc. This affiliation has been disclosed in accordance with the journal’s conflict of interest policy. The authors declare that the research was conducted independently and objectively, without influence from the company regarding study design, data interpretation, or publication.
: The participants in this study were in-house volunteers from whom informed consent was obtained.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
